Essay about Stephen Napier on Stem Cell Research - 920 Words

The dispute which is being analyzed in this paper is one of mass debate today. The argument is on whether or not embryonic stem cells should be used to come up with forms of treatment for degenerative diseases such as: Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Diabetes. The author of this paper is Stephen Napier he is in association with the Bioethics center in Philadelphia, PA. The article was published in the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy in 2009. In this article Mr. Napier reviews past arguments on the current debate and provides the reader with his stance against the use of Stem cells as a form of research and furthermore he argues the stance on vulnerability of a fetus and if it has moral values equal to an adult person. In the†¦show more content†¦He then goes onto to say what the protections to the vulnerable could be. In the following section he begins to place his argument into an outline. After laying out his structured argument he takes a broader look at the opposition and what they might say about his view on the subject matter. The critics would say that the human embryo does not count as a human subject or that she does not count as a vulnerable human subject (Napier, 502). After explaining the opposition he then looks at the moral worth of the embryo and gives several situations in which there is possibilities of the embryo having moral values even before birth. He gives an example that an adult is comatose and needs stem cell implants to be able to function again. The adult who needs regenerative therapy and the embryo are in the same position in relation to possessing personhood capacities. Both lack these capacities in morally similar ways. Therefore, if we say the adult has moral status, then so does the embryo (Napier, 505). Another case he illustrates to prove his point is that of women smoking and having miscarriages. Most women when they find out they hav e had a miscarriage mourn the loss of their baby. Most people would say that women should stop smoking if they become pregnant; not doing so is morally irresponsible (Napier, 505). According to Napier, if the women have to stop smoking because it’s immoral then the embryo is a living being.Show MoreRelatedEssay Problems with Embryonic Stem-Cell Research1416 Words   |  6 PagesRecently in the scientific world, the field of embryonic stem cell research has become a popular topic and has been the subject for many heated debates. Experts in the field of stem cell research promise that this will be the future of medicine; that stem cells will be the cure to all the debilitating diseases and afflictions of today, such as Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, cancer and nerve damage. The truth about embryonic stem cell research is that it is not as hopeful and as revolutionary asRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |   534 Pagesturnover. Coarse-grained estimates place the costs of turnover at 150 percent of exempt employees’ compensation and at 175 percent for nonexempt employees.50 The determinants of turnover are reasonably well under-stood as there has been a great deal of research on the topic. Accordingly, there are sound practices that employers can follow in order to retain their employees. Organizational Cultures Emphasizing Interpersonal Relationship Values One of the most important determinants of employee retentionRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagescom/support Your WileyPLUS Account Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing

Environmental Changes to Marketing Mix - 1615 Words

Forces in the marketing environment that lead to changes in the past 5 to 10 years to the company s marketing mix: The different aspects of the marketing mix will be assessed with regards to the forces in the marketing environment for ice-cream and food retailer, the Swenson s Group (the Company) operating in the Thai market. The context in which the changes in marketing mix will be examined will be based on their products, eg: ice-cream and food Ââ€" economic and the services, eg: customer service, retail premises etc. Describe more about the company/product. PROMOTION: The Company s traditional promotion of its products and services was via the usage of media, ie: television and radio, as these were the pre-dominantly†¦show more content†¦Equivalent statistics today shows an increased by 25%. (*Asian Market Research News Ââ€" October 2002). The implications of such increase in the middle class income group means this particular group would be targeted by most business, ie: target marketing. The demand for quality products/services would outweigh price considerations. The Company, capitalizing on the exponential growth in this segment has adopted the following changes to their marketing mix aspect of Price and Products. PRICE: A typical customer in this market segment would demand quality products / services. The Company over the past years have increased the quality of their ice-cream duly enhancing its taste, by the usage of better quality raw materials, eg: milk, flavouring, in their products. Though this would increase their base production cost, profit margins are enhanced by charging customer a premium for making available quality ice-cream. The premium charged would be relative to the cost of dining at fast food chains such as McDonalds, Burger King etc. What would previously be considered a basic priced item in the market would now be premium priced to provide the perceived value to the targeted market segment. PROCESS/PLACE: A customer who pays a premium to dine at a Swenson s retail outlet would desire a conducive, pleasant yet stylish dining environment. Swenson s have adopted retail outlets which display aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy For The New Marketing Opportunity Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages3. The final part of the assessment involves determining the final marketing mix in relation to the new marketing opportunity. As part of finalising your marketing mix, answer the following questions: ï‚ §Ã¯â‚¬  What environmental factors could have an impact on the selected marketing mix e.g. economic conditions, the political or legal environment, etc? †¢ Competition: To compete in new market, company has to do marketing mix and determine market strategy for Price, Place, products and promotions. †¢ EconomicalRead MoreDetermining The Final Marketing Mix1299 Words   |  6 Pages3. The final part of the assessment involves determining the final marketing mix in relation to the new marketing opportunity. As part of finalizing your marketing mix, answer the following questions: What environmental factors could have an impact on the selected marketing mix e.g. economic conditions, the political or legal environment, etc? 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Best marketing mix Description Reasons for this choice Product New product line to be included will be the organic and environmental friendly hair dying products This product will have zero negative impact to human health such as asthma or skin allergies or the natural environmental pollutions Price High end product should be charged with theRead MoreMicro and Macro Marketing946 Words   |  4 PagesMICRO AND MACRO MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Introduction Micro marketing Refers to the internal controllable factors or forces which affects the ability of a company to serve its customers. e.g. the organization, the market, the suppliers, market intermediaries and the marketing mix. The micro marketing environment that surrounds organisations can be complex by nature, however the company has an element of control over how it operates within this environment. Macro marketing Refers to the externalRead MoreInformation And Adjust The Marketing Mix1726 Words   |  7 PagesEstablish and adjust the marketing mix Assessment Task 2: Project – Determine the marketing mix The company I would like to talk about is Online Takeaway in major cities including Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Canberra, Hobart, and Adelaide which provides features as order food online, customers just provides postcode on our website. Basically, customers have to choose restaurant and products they preferred online. 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They are the ingredients that combine to capture and promote a brand or product’s unique selling points that differentiate it from its competitors. Neil H. Borden, an advertising professor at Harvard University coined the term marketing mix. The ideas behind Borden’s model were refined over the years until Edmond Jerome McC arthy, a marketing professorRead MoreMarketing Strategy : Ac Restaurant1048 Words   |  5 PagesLO1.1: Marketing: is defined as a ‘business orientation whose target is to satisfy consumers’ needs or wants at standard levels of revenues and costs’ (Loudon et al., 2010, p.2) (Dudovskiy, 2014). Marketing process: comprises of several steps and these steps are analysed below: 1. Analysing marketing opportunities: generally, Afro-Caribbean comes to know about its market opportunities by examining current and future market trends, current resources and capabilities, internal and external environmentRead MoreMarketing Mix, By Neil H. Borden1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe Marketing Mix The marketing mix, also referred to as the four Ps, represents a list of categorized, dynamic parameters of a product that define its value. Marketing decisions are based on these four categories: product, price, place, promotion. The marketing manager controls these four parameters under the constraint of the marketing environment. Managers to maximize the perceived value of the product, which, in turn, elicits a positive response and optimizes or satisfies profit use marketingRead MoreEnvironmental Factors and Marketing1323 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Factors and Marketing Decisions Will a successful marketing plan in one country work in another country? This is unlikely to occur due to many different cultural, political, economic, technological, and competitive environments. Marketing mixes require adjustments to meet local conditions and companies that understand these environmental factors can create advantages when positioning their products or services. Wal-Mart is a global organization and uses market research to understand

Legal System and the Social Construction of Childhood Free Essays

In 1924 the League of Nations promulgated the first international agreement setting out the principles, which should inform the universal treatment of children. The underlying image of the child contained in the Declaration of Geneva was thoroughly imbued with a modernist concept of childhood. In particular children were seen as incomplete, non-social, weak and dependent. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal System and the Social Construction of Childhood or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Declaration, therefore, placed its emphasis on the duties of adults towards children. The UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), agreed in 1989, took this a stage further by making its provisions legally binding on national governments that ratified it. By 2003 this included all governments of the world except the US. The UNCRC, however, surpasses the modernist notion of children as a cultural other. It raises children’s social participation as a goal alongside protection and provision. Children’s participation has become an international rallying point for child advocacy. It is seen as capable of transcending differences in the social, cultural and economic conditions of children’s lives around the world (Davie, Upton and Varma, 1996; Flekkoy and Kaufman, 1997; Franklin, 1995; Hart, 1992; Lansdown, 1995). From one point of view the UNCRC represents a benign attempt to bring enlightenment and humane standards to all children. It has been used in this way and it is on these grounds that it draws enthusiastic support and even evokes a certain amount of zealotry. It has also been characterized as high in rhetoric but low in intensity. In this sense it is a highly suitable instrument through which declarations of lofty principle can be made but about which little needs to be done in practice. However, it is also the case that the children’s rights lobby is, for good or ill, on the forefront of the global spread of norms about childhood. As Boyden (1997:197) notes, these efforts have their precursors in the ‘civilizing mission’ of colonialism: â€Å"As the twentieth century has progressed, then, highly selective, stereo-typical perceptions of childhood – of the innocent child victim on the one hand and the young deviant on the other – have been exported from the industrial world to the South †¦ It has been the explicit goal of children’s rights specialists to crystallize in international law a universal system of rights for the child based on these norms.† The effects of this, she argues, are not always positive. Rights is a concept which is ultimately tied up with cultural values. Their successful implementation depends upon the existence of a compatible framework of meaning and an infrastructure of social and economic supports. The right to protection, for example, may translate well into practice when agencies, such as the police, are reliable upholders of law. When they are reliably corrupt it can be a recipe for oppression. Furthermore, some aspects of the concept of childhood contained in the UNCRC might also depend for their realization upon a level of economic wealth that many countries do not possess. As we have seen, for some countries international economic policy has led to deepening poverty, ill-health and inequality at the same time that social policy is urging the adoption of the rights of children. Perhaps, though, this is to underestimate the subtle processes that the UNCRC is enmeshed within. The different ways in which it (or part of it, Article 12) can be interpreted illustrate well how cultural globalization creates both diversity and homogeneity. It is, as Lee (1999) has pointed out, a document that has effectivity only because it is ambiguous. It is framed in such a way that its general principles are given a great deal of space for local interpretation. In fact, such was the level of disagreement among those who drafted it that this was the only way to make it acceptable to a wide range of countries with different cultural traditions about childhood. As Lee (2001a: 95-6) comments: â€Å"If the Convention had been intended to clarify children’s position, it would indeed crumple under this burden, but the Convention operates in a rather different way. Having generated childhood ambiguity, it then lays the responsibility for managing that ambiguity on the legislatures and the policy-makers of the states that have ratified it.† The representation of childhood found in the UNCRC has become more complex and ambiguous than the earlier Declaration. The protection and provision articles of the Convention still emphasize children’s need of adult support but, at the same time, especially through Article 12 of the Convention, children are pictured as social actors, not outside but inside society, not passive recipients but active participants. Role of the Legal System in Regulating children However, the contradictory effects of globalization do not all flow in the direction of self-expression and rights. From another point of view the twentieth century has witnessed increased levels of institutional control over children. The introduction of compulsory schooling and children’s formal exclusion from paid work signaled a historical tendency towards children’s increasing compartmentalization in specifically designated, separate settings, supervised by professionals and structured according to age and ability. Nà ¤sman (1994) has called this process the institutionalization of childhood. Throughout the twentieth century schooling has gradually been extended both ‘upwards’ (for example in incremental steps towards an older leaving-age for compulsory schooling) and ‘downwards’ in the growing emphasis on pre-school education and nursery provision (Moss et al., 2000.) Even leisure time is often framed in this way for many children because activities such as sport or music increasingly take place within some kind of institutional setting. It can be seen in the provision of after-school and holiday clubs that organize and regulate children’s activities under an adult gaze, channeling them into forms considered developmentally healthy and productive. Such phenomena have been noted across European societies. German sociologists, for example, have used the terms ‘domestication’ to describe the progressive removal of children from the streets and other public spaces and their relocation in special, protected spaces. They use the term ‘insularization’ to describe the decreased levels of children’s autonomous mobility around cities and the creation of special ‘islands’ of childhood to and from which they are transported (Zeiher, 2001, 2002). Within these institutions, but with significant variations according to national policy, it is possible to discern a struggle to tighten the regulation of children and to shape more firmly the outcomes of their activities. Schooling is a good example of this. In the last decades of the twentieth century the rather instrumental schooling regimes of the ‘Tiger Economies’ of Southeast Asia were held up as the model for producing economic efficiency and were widely influential in changing educational systems in Europe. I have argued elsewhere that this phenomenon represents a refocusing of modernity’s drive to control the future through children (Prout, 2000a). This tightening of control over children derives from a declining faith in other mechanisms of economic control, combined with increasing competitive pressures from the world economy. The intensification of global competition and the intricate networking of national economies erode the state’s capacity to control its own economic activity. In such circumstances, shaping children as the future labor force is seen as an increasingly important option. This, after all, is exactly what supply side economics is about but, as far as children are concerned, it often leads to attempts to regulate and standardize what they learn and how they learn it. References Boyden, J 1997, ‘Childhood and the Policy Makers’, in James, A and Prout, A (eds), Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood (2nd edn), Falmer Press, London. Davie, R, Upton, G and Varma, V (eds) 1996, The Voice of the Child, Falmer Press, London. Flekkoy, GD and Kaufman, NH 1997, The Participation Rights of the Child: Rights and Responsibilities in Family and Society, Jessica Kingsley, London. Franklin, B 1995, Handbook of Children’s Rights: Comparative Policy and Practice, Routledge, London. Hart, R 1992, Children’s Participation: From Tokenism to Citizenship, Innocenti Essays, Florence. Lansdown, G 1995, Taking Part: Children’s Participation in Decision Making, Institute for Public Policy Research, London. Lee, N 1999, ‘The Challenge of Childhood: The Distribution of Childhood’s Ambiguity in Adult Institutions’, Childhood, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 455-74. Lee, N 2001a, Childhood and Society: Growing Up in an Age of Uncertainty, Open University Press, Buckingham. Moss, P, Dillon, J and Statham, J 2000, ‘The â€Å"Child in Need† and â€Å"The Rich Child†: Discourses, Constructions and Practices’, Critical Social Policy, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 233-54. Nà ¤sman, E 1994, ‘Individualisation and Institutionalisation of Children’, in Qvortrup, J., Bardy, M., Sgritta, G. and Wintersberger, H. (eds), Childhood Matters: Social Theory, Practice and Politics, Avebury, Aldershot. Prout, A 2000a, ‘Control and Self-Realisation in Late Modern Childhoods’, Special Millenium Edition of Children and Society, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 304-15. Zeiher, H 2001, ‘Children’s Islands in Space and Time: The Impact of Spatial Differentiation on Children’s Ways of Shaping Social Life’, in du Bois-Reymond, M., Sunker, H. and Kruger, H.-H. (eds), Childhood in Europe: Approaches – Trends – Findings, Peter Lang, New York. Zeiher, H. (2002) ‘Shaping Daily Life in Urban Environments’, in Christensen, P. and O’Brien, M. (eds), Children in the City: Home, Neighbourhood and Community, London: Falmer Press.          How to cite Legal System and the Social Construction of Childhood, Essay examples

Dream Deffered free essay sample

I think what Langston meant by this is that life may be broken, but you still have to keep on going. If you cant fly, walk, if you cant walk, crawl, but what ever you do keep on going and dont stop. Also it says â€Å"Hold fast to dreams for when dreams go†. This means again dont take advantage of your dreams. The last two lines say â€Å"Life is a barren field frozen with snow†. This means its empty of all life but frozen. The theme of this poem that you should never give up on your goals or dreams in your life. But you must be strong while your living because if not, you will end of suffering. Life is tough but you must keep going. If your dream gets ruined, try to do chase another dream. Dont just give up. Life WILL give you ups and downs but if your strong enough to fight through it, everything will be worth it in the end. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Deffered or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some people take dreams serious but some dont. Dreams are a real thing that can happen too people and they make their life much better than what most peoples are. Dreams help you through life, no matter what is going on. I think Langston put over 100 meanings in just 8 lines in a tiny poem. The poem is touching and will mean something to someone as soon as they read it. My favorite line or lines is the one where it says â€Å"life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly† because it kind of relates to a human being. Because if youre broken you cant fly. But you can still keep on moving towards what you want in life. Just because something came up and is holding you back from your dream, doesnt mean you cant break free and proceed too that dream. Never stop for what you want in life. Life may be broken, but you shouldnt let that stop you from chasing your dream or accomplishing a goal. Push yourself to be successful at life so you wont have to struggle . Some people wish for things to happen instead of having dreams. With wishing, you wish for something to come true that probably wont. With dreaming and believing, it will come true if you do whatever it takes to make it. Everyone has dreams and goals, some people don t have the strength or really want it to become real. But other people have faith and will stride for that goal or dream to become reality. Also some people let other people change your mind about your goal or dream. But no, you shouldnt! Its your dream or your goal so why let someone else change that? But thats my view on that. I feel like Langston went through hard times, but he didnt give up. Now hes a legend with his poems. A lot of people succeed because they believe they can do whatever they like or want to do. So they go for it and end up reaching that spot they want to be at in life. So just remember to stride for your dreams and never stop till you get to that dream or goal.